O Techtorial foi um basicão sobre Unified Communications,
conceitos revistos e algumas novas features da Versão 8 do CUCM !
Vamos a ele:
Call Processing = Call Agent , vários tipos : Call Manager, CME
(small companies), CUCM (Large companies), CUBE (Cisco Unified
Border Element), GK/GWs, CUSP (Cisco Unified SIP Proxy).
All the above , the objective is to handle a call with
signaling.
CUCM - Publisher/Subscriber
UCS(Unified Computing System) - serie B for blading, Serie C for
Chassis (this are Cisco own servers, since Cisco stopped selling HP
servers, IBM is still sold)
Cluster - Call Processing Server of up to 8 servers (TFTP, MOH,
CTI, Conferencing)
1 database (Publisher) that replicated to others in the cluster.
After version 6 , feature like CF, MWI and others are being
replicated to others, before that version it was lost with the
publisher.
Deployment Models
Single Site - One building
Centralized Call Processing - In Headquarters
Distributed Call Processing - CUCM/CUCM or CUCM/CME
Clustering over the Wan
Session Manager (New Feature of V8.0)
Different Providers (avaya/nortel)
Different Protocols (SIP/H323)
SAF Protocol = Service Advertising Framework , shares call
routing data with other call agents. Call agents advertise
Directory Numbers to the SAF Network.
CCD = Call Control Discovery
Redundancy: 1:1 rather than 2:1 , Failover: SRST/AAR
EndPoints: 7900 / 6900/ 8900/ 9900
Boot Up Sequence:
1.In Line Power , the switch sends power over ethernet , if
phone replies , switch send the rest and power on. Buttons are
lited.
2. CDP Information , switch sends information like VLAN,
Extension, PC, DHCP, . Configuring Vlan is shown in the
endpoint.
3. DHCP - Ip, default gw, TFTP, DNS. Shows configuring IP.
4. Telephone ready, exchange of messages between phone and CUCM.
Media is flown through Phone to Phone.
GATEWAYS
TDM Gateways - router connects systems like a door. voice port /
signaling / pstn signaling / wan interfaces / qos.
If you enable VAD you may save up to 20% on bandwidth. If you
disable RTCP you may save up to 5%, AAA up to 2%, change call
pattern saving varies.
MGCP is a master/slave protocol, interesting for high density
users. H323/SIP is a peer to peer protocol, small branches an
remotely.
Dial Peers for h323/sip not MGCP, QSIG protocol connects
different PBXs.
3945 has up to 112 FXS
Fax Modem Relay = bandwidth savings , t.38, good, transmited as
data. Pass Through=Packet Loss, Delay, Horrible.
T.38 Relay = switch over available h323/sip/mgcp
Cube = SBC = Session Border Controller
Media Resources = Conference Bridge, Media Termination Point
(Transcoding)
Manager - Group List - 1st - 2nd - Group - 1st - 2nd -
Resources
Device Pool = CM Group, Region, Media Resource Group List,
Date/Time
MOH= upload the files in all clusters. Stream multicast from
Flash.
Call Admission Control = CAC , options for configuring:
Unified CM Locations (Unware), RSVP(aware),Gatekeeprs(unaware).
Location is a perfect STAR topoloy, easy to implement , only
used on CUCM : g729 - 24k , g711 - 80k, video 384k
RSVP: shows bandwidth available per router interface, you
reserve bandwidth per type. Ex: audio 512k, video 512k . You need
to configure all routers.
Gatekeepers: Implemented in a router, zone is a logical
representation of a location, maximum
bandwidth/interzone/remote/total
redundancy: HSRP / ALT Gatekeeper
Dial Plan = routing of calls , on cluster calls / off cluster
calls / alternate routes
route pattern - route list - route group - ip wan - pstn
classes of services = lobby(emergency/local) - office(national)
- executives(international)
partitions = is where your number is !
calling search space = a list of partitions that can be
dialed
Local route group = since version 7, you can choose the gw
according to the priority , used by device pool
number transformations
ldap integration: End users/application users/endpoints
MLAs = Multi Level Access - roles user groups
Call managers/LDAP Directory = sincronization once a day ,
better to force a manual sincronization.
There's no PIN concept on AD, Pins stay on call manager
Mobility : Mobile Connect : Dual Mode GSM/Skinny , GSM/SIP ,
Single Number Reachability, rules are defined on CUCM, remote
destination and desk phone pickup , two stage dialing, device
mobilty mode, Unified Mobile communicator: Black
berry/Iphone,Nokia,Windows Mobile, since version 7 (dial by the
office)
Security: 45% of attacks happen from inside
protecj backplane(connect all in a network)
connect voice gateways to the pstn
from begin to end (mitigate all possibilities)
Tolld Fraud (Acls/Dialpeers),
Eavesdropping/LearningPrivateInformation/SessionReplay/FakeIdentity/MediaTampering/DOS/ImpersonatingOthers/Hijacking/SPAM
turn off sip tcp/udp -> sip-ua , no transport tcp/udp
if CUBE is on h323 turn sip off -> sip-ua , no transport
tcp/udp
AAA/Radius, Cdr, Billing, COR (in all routers), vxml/TCL
Infra Structure, Endpoints, Call Control , Applications